Patella dislocation and kneecap instability
Experiencing a kneecap or patella dislocation can be both extremely painful and traumatic. This condition often begins during the teenage years and may lead to long-term complications, such as arthritis later in life. The resulting instability in the kneecap can affect confidence, limit activity levels, and increase the likelihood of developing arthritis. A recent study from Bristol found that individuals who suffer dislocations in adolescence are at a higher risk of developing patellofemoral joint arthritis and may require joint replacements in the future.
What causes the kneecap to dislocate?
Individuals with certain anatomical differences are at a higher risk of experiencing kneecap dislocation in their knees. These differences include hypermobility (double-jointed), a shallow trochlear groove (the groove on the front of the knee where the kneecap runs), a higher-than-average kneecap position (above the trochlea groove), and ligament damage like an MPFL injury during the initial dislocation.
What is the treatment for patella dislocation?
In recent years, there has been a significant change in how this medical condition is treated. Surgical procedures now focus on correcting the underlying anatomical difference. The treatment is tailored to the patient’s anatomy, to restore patella stability without excessive restraint. Typically, a combination of three operative techniques are used, including trochleoplasty (deepening the kneecap groove), patella distalisation and/or medialisation (repositioning the kneecap to a more central position in the trochlea groove), and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (repairing the ligament that acts as a seatbelt for the patella and is often damaged during the first dislocation).
References
Has your kneecap dislocated or become unstable?
If you are experiencing recurrent patella dislocations, knee instability or ongoing pain, book a consultation to discuss the most appropriate treatment options for your condition.